Computer Networks

Just you go to the start menu -> setting -> printers and fax -> add a printer

-> local printer attached to this pc -> create the new port -> select the standard tcp/ip protocol

-> and enter the ip address and insert the printer CD for driver and install the printer drive.

The printer is now ready to use.

OSPF is used. Because it is considered to be the most efficient IGP(interior gateway protocol). BGP is more widely used as exterior gateway protocol(EGP).

By using the Neighbour Discovery Protocol (NDP)

Routable protocols can work with a router and can be used to build large networks. Non-Routable protocols are designed to work on small, local networks and cannot be used with a router

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Short for Media Access Control address, a hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network. In IEEE 802 networks, the Data Link Control (DLC) layer of the OSI Reference Model is divided into two sublayers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network medium. Consequently, each different type of network medium requires a different MAC layer. On networks that do not conform to the IEEE 802 standards but do conform to the OSI Reference Model, the node address is called the Data Link Control (DLC) address. See a breakdown of the seven OSI layers in the Quick Reference section of Webopedia.

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Piggybacking Suggestsattaching an acknowledge to an outgoing data frame

The network address made available to the transport layer should use a uniform numbering plan In a session

This term comes from the OSI Network management model. It is a kind of virtual database used to manage the devices in a network. It consists of record the of network entities( e.g. routers,switches) in form of objects. The database is hierarchical (tree structured) and entries are addressed through object identifiers.

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SIMM is used to store a single row of DRAM,EDo or BEDO chips where the module is soldered onto a PCB.

DNS- Domain Name Server or Services.WINS- Windows Internet Name Service.DNS is resolve the web site name to IP address or you can say.In WINS used a file name those is LMhost, this file in the System32, and when we put the websit name and its IP address, then it resolve the particular IP address those insert in the LMhost file.

BOOTP sends a UDP message with a subnetwork broadcast address and waits for a reply from a server that gives it the IP address. The same message might contain the name of the machine that has the boot files on it. If the boot image location is not specified, the workstation sends another UDP message to query the server.

Short for Multistation Access Unit (also abbreviated as MSAU), a token-ring network device that physically connects network computers in a star topology while retaining the logical ring structure. One of the problems with the token-ring topology is that a single non-operating node can break the ring. The MAU solves this problem because it has the ability to short out non-operating nodes and maintain the ring structure. A MAU is a special type of hub.

actually end to end delivery of packets is done by network layer. Network layer is responsible for the packets to be delivered with reliability for every link i.e for every routers it come across its path.so packet is delivered with reliability from source to destination. where as transport layer is reaponsible for process to process reliability.it gets the packets from network layer demutiplex it to sen it to corresponding application (FTP,Email,...) depending upon the portnumber that is specified.

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Data can be effectivily transmmited through E1 leased line.But E1 leased line is very Costly. so by using VPN ( Virtual Private Network) We send data very effectivily in less cost than E1 leased line.Vpn also need internet connection to send data from source to server.

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