Computer Networks

For Example in Class AIf IP address is 1.0.0.1 then Network bits is 8 bits and hosts bits are 24bits by calculating by formula 2n-2 (2power)Their fore for 1.0.0.1 the no computers can be connected 1,67,77,214

Suppose i want to send some periodic information during the normal voip communication using RTP. How can I make sure that this data can be reached there without any loss?? And also is there any method to send data in such a way

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Printer driver replication means if you have a network printer and if you want to share it among other Citrix servers, then we can replicate that driver to be used by all the Citrix servers or for few selected Citrix servers, however that driver should be installed in the Citrix server from which we are replicating the driver.

Printer mapping relates to mapping the driver software for specific domain users only, these can be dont by right clicking on the driver or by the printer option on the left plane of Citrix presentation server console.

Baseband Signalling:

1)Uses digital signalling

2)No frequency-division multiplexing

3)Bi-directional transmission

4)Signal travels over short distances

Broadband Signalling:

1)Uses analog signalling

2)Unidirectional transmission

3)Frequency-division multiplexing is possible

4)Signal can travel over long distances before being attenuated

A port number is a way to identify a specific process to which an Internet or other network message is to be forwarded when it arrives at a server. For the Transmission Control Protocol and the User Datagram Protocol, a port number is a 16-bit integer that is put in the header appended to a message unit. This port number is passed logically between client and server transport layers and physically between the transport layer and the Internet Protocol layer and forwarded on.

Advantages All the IP configuration information gets automatically configured for your client machine by the DHCP server. If you move your client machine to a different subnet, the client will send out its discover message at boot time and work as usual. However, when you first boot up there you will not be able to get back the IP address you had at your previous location regardless of how little time has passed. Disadvantage Your machine name does not change when you get a new IP address. The DNS (Domain Name System) name is associated with your IP address and therefore does change. This only presents a problem if other clients try to access your machine by its DNS name.

Logical address of yhe any nic card is ip address of the sysytem.in any copmany lan or wan environment for machine to mechine communication each and every mechine required one nomber.thats why ina peoples desizned and interduces one good technologie is ip addressing system.phisical address of any copmany nic card is also known as a mac address {media accec controler address} mac address mediater bitween cable and mechine. it means mac address main function is transfer the data cable laguage to mechine language anad mechine language to cable language.its a 48 bit address

There are 3 address types in v6 - Unicast, anycast, and multicast. Unicast addresses identify a single network device, anycast and multicast addresses identify a group of network devices. IPv6 addresses are 128 bit, compared to the 32 bit addresses of v4 and look like this example - 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e: 0370:7348Ipv6 does not use subnetting.

POD (Ping of Death) is a type of attack at computer in a network that involves sending of a larger size malicious ping to a computer.

Seagment is a PDU (Packet Data Unit) of layer 4 transport layer.seagmant is made of

destination port no

senders port no

data

fcs

A ping is normally 64 bytes in size.Many computers can not handle larger than the maximum ip packet size, which is 65,535bytes. Sending a ping of this size can crash the target computer.

simplex- one way transmission.only transmission will takes place here.

duplex- two way transmission.

Both transmission and reception takes place.

2 types of duplex:

1)Half duplex

2)Full duplex

Half duplex:-

both transmission and reception takes place,bt nt at d same time.single channel is used .

Full duplex:-

both txn and recep...takes place simultaneously using 2 different channels. one for txn and other 4 reception.

A routing protocol is used by router to dynamically find all the networks in the internetwork and to ensure that all routers have the same routing table. Basically routing protocol determines the path of a packet through an internetwork. (eg. RIP, RIPv2, EIGRP and OSPF).A routed protocol can be used to send user data through the established enterprise, when routers know about all networks. Routed protocols are assigned to an interface and determine the method of packet delivery. (eg. IP, IPv6)

1) Check cable between computer and monitor, as well as power to monitor.

2) Boot into safemode - Check status of driver, and run diagnostic on video card. - if no video try putting in a new video card and restart with step 2

3) Restore to previous bootable configuration

4) Re-install OS

Scandisk is Windows' general-purpose hard drive diagnostic utility. It will find and fix any data errors present on the drive. A "standard" scan checks for any data errors on the drive. A "thorough" scan checks for any data errors on the drive and tests the hard drive for any physical errors. Defrag is Windows' utility for organizing the data structure on the hard drive. Through normal use, the data present on the hard drive becomes scattered across the data area.

Encoding is assigning binary codes according to algorithm, but modulation is changing the properties of one signal(value) according to properties of another signal.