81⟩ What is a database profile?
Each database user is assigned a Profile that specifies limitations on various system resources available to the user.
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253 Database Administrator (DBA) Questions And Answers
82⟩ What are the use of database Roles?
REDUCED GRANTING OF PRIVILEGES - Rather than explicitly granting the same set of privileges to many users a database administrator can grant the privileges for a group of related users granted to a role and then grant only the role to each member of the group. DYNAMIC PRIVILEGE MANAGEMENT - When the privileges of a group must change, only the privileges of the role need to be modified. The security domains of all users granted the group’s role automatically reflect the changes made to the role. SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY OF PRIVILEGES - The roles granted to a user can be selectively enable (available for use) or disabled (not available for use). This allows specific control of a user’s privileges in any given situation. APPLICATION AWARENESS - A database application can be designed to automatically enable and disable selective roles when a user attempts to use the application.
83⟩ How will you enforce security using stored procedures?
Do not grant user access directly to tables within the application. Instead grant the ability to access the procedures that access the tables. When procedure executed it will execute the privilege of procedures owner. Users cannot access tables except via the procedure.
84⟩ What dynamic data replication?
Updating or Inserting records in remote database through database triggers. It may fail if remote database is having any problem.
85⟩ What are the minimum parameters should exist in the parameter file (init.ora)?
DB NAME - Must set to a text string of no more than 8 characters and it will be stored inside the datafiles, redo log files and control files and control file while database creation. DB_DOMAIN - It is string that specifies the network domain where the database is created. The global database name is identified by setting these parameters (DB_NAME & DB_DOMAIN) CONTORL FILES - List of control filenames of the database. If name is not mentioned then default name will be used. DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS - To determine the no of buffers in the buffer cache in SGA. PROCESSES - To determine number of operating system processes that can be connected to ORACLE concurrently. The value should be 5 (background process) and additional 1 for each user. ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS - List of rollback segments an ORACLE instance acquires at database startup. Also optionally LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS,LICENSE_SESSION_WARNING and LICENSE_MAX_USERS.
86⟩ What is Audit Trial?
Results of audited operations are stored in a table in data dictionary.
87⟩ What are the roles and user accounts created automatically with the database?
DBA - role Contains all database system privileges. SYS user account - The DBA role will be assigned to this account. All of the base tables and views for the database’s dictionary are store in this schema and are manipulated only by ORACLE. SYSTEM user account - It has all the system privileges for the database and additional tables and views that display administrative information and internal tables and views used by oracle tools are created using this username.
88⟩ What is a SNAPSHOT?
Snapshots are read-only copies of a master table located on a remote node which is periodically refreshed to reflect changes made to the master table.
89⟩ What is user Account in Oracle database?
An user account is not a physical structure in Database but it is having important relationship to the objects in the database and will be having certain privileges. 95. When will the data in the snapshot log be used? - We must be able to create a after row trigger on table (i.e., it should be not be already available) After giving table privileges. We cannot specify snapshot log name because oracle uses the name of the master table in the name of the database objects that support its snapshot log. The master table name should be less than or equal to 23 characters. (The table name created will be MLOGS_tablename, and trigger name will be TLOGS name).
90⟩ How can we specify the Archived log file name format and destination?
By setting the following values in init.ora file. LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT = arch %S/s/T/tarc (%S - Log sequence number and is zero left padded, %s - Log sequence number not padded. %T - Thread number left-zero- padded and %t - Thread number not padded). The file name created is arch 0001 are if %S is used. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST = path.
91⟩ What is snapshot log?
It is a table that maintains a record of modifications to the master table in a snapshot. It is stored in the same database as master table and is only available for simple snapshots. It should be created before creating snapshots.
92⟩ What are the benefits of distributed options in databases?
Database on other servers can be updated and those transactions can be grouped together with others in a logical unit. Database uses a two phase commit.
93⟩ What are the various type of snapshots?
Simple and Complex.
94⟩ What is database snapshots?
Snapshot is an object used to dynamically replicate data between distribute database at specified time intervals. In ver 7.0 they are read only.
95⟩ What is the mechanism provided by ORACLE for table replication?
Snapshots and SNAPSHOT LOGs
96⟩ Describe two phases of Two-phase commit?
Prepare phase - The global coordinator (initiating node) ask a participants to prepare (to promise to commit or rollback the transaction, even if there is a failure) Commit - Phase - If all participants respond to the coordinator that they are prepared, the coordinator asks all nodes to commit the transaction, if all participants cannot prepare, the coordinator asks all nodes to roll back the transaction.
97⟩ Is it possible to split the print reviewer into more than one region?
Yes it possible to split the print reviewer into more than one region
98⟩ Does a Before form trigger fire when the parameter form is suppressed?
Yes Before form trigger fire when the parameter form is suppressed
99⟩ Is the After report trigger fired if the report execution fails?
Yes. The After report trigger fired if the report execution fails.
100⟩ Can you have more than one content canvas view attached with a window?
Yes. Each window you create must have at least one content canvas view assigned to it. You can also create a window that has manipulated content canvas view. At run time only one of the content canvas views assign to a window is displayed at a time.
