1⟩ Explain me what is the Toughness of metal?
Toughness is the property of metal due to which without fracture a metal is able to withstand bending or torsion. Mild steel and wrought iron are tough metals.
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2⟩ Tell me how Is Steel Classified?
According to carbon percentage
☛ Low carbon steel : Less than 0.25% carbon
☛ Medium carbon steel: 0.25%0.7% carbon
☛ High carbon steel: 0.7%1.5% carbon
According to percentage of alloying elements
☛ Low alloy steel: Alloying element less than 8%
☛ High alloy steel: Alloying element more than 8%
3⟩ Tell me what is the difference between Wrought iron, Cast iron and Pig iron?
Wrought iron contains less than 0.1% carbon and this is a product of puddling furnace. Cast iron is produced from cupola furnace. It contains 33.5% carbon in combined or free state. Pig iron is an iron carbon alloy contains 35% carbon along with impurities like manganese, sulphur and phosphorous. It is a product of blast furnace.
4⟩ Tell me The Following Properties Of Metal (a) Fusibility (b) Stiffness (c) Ductility
Fusibility: It is the property of metal due to which a metal becomes fluid when it is heated.
Stiffness: It is the property of metal due to which a metal is capable of resisting deflection due to an externally applied load.
Ductility: It is the property of metal due to which a metal can be drawn into the form of wires without rupture.
5⟩ Explain me what Is Meant By Lower And Higher Critical Points?
While heating a steel part, the temperature raises and it changes the structure of steel part .The temperature point at which the change starts is called lower critical point and the temperature at which the change ends is called higher critical point.
6⟩ What is normalising?
Normalising is a process to make the steel part to its normal stage.
The main purposes are:
☛ To reduce grain size of steel.
☛ To achieve desired mechanical properties.
☛ To remove internal stresses caused by working.
7⟩ Tell us why Is The Soldering Iron Bit Made Of Copper And Not Of Steel?
Because copper is good conductor of heat and quickly transfer its heat to the metal at the joint than the steel.
8⟩ Do you know what Are The Commonly Found Iron Ores?
Hematite, Magnetite, Limonite, Siderite and Iron pyrite are the main iron ores.
9⟩ Tell us the following properties of metal (a) Fusibility (b) Stiffness (c) Ductility
Fusibility. It is the property of metal due to which a metal becomes fluid when it is heated.
Stiffness. It is the property of metal due to which a metal is capable of resisting deflection due to an externally applied load.
Ductility. It is the property of metal due to which a metal can be drawn into the form of wires without rupture.
10⟩ Tell us what Are The Chemical Composition Of Gun Metal, German Silver And Duralumin?
Gun metal is an alloy of 88% copper, 10% tin and 2% zinc. It is generally used for casting boiler fittings, bearings ,bushes etc.
German silver is an alloy of copper, nickel, tin and led. It is used for making utensils and resistances in electrical work.
Duralumin is the aluminium alloy contains 3.54.5% copper,0.40.7% magnesium,0.40.7% manganese and remaining aluminium .Mainly used for making bars, tubes, rivets, sheets ,forgings and stampings.
11⟩ Do you know The Annealing Process?
The process for softening the steel part is called Annealing. Generally it is done for the following purposes,
☛ To soften the steel for machining.
☛ To refine the grain size in the steel.
☛ To increase ductility in the steel.
☛ To relieve internal stresses.
☛ To change electrical and mechanical properties.
12⟩ Tell us why Are Machine Beds Made Of Cast Iron?
Because it has more compressive strength and negligible shrinkage. It can easily cast into any integral shape, wear resisting and can absorb vibrations.
13⟩ Tell me what Do You Mean By Stainless Steel?
It is an alloy steel which contains mainly 8% Nickel and 18% Chromium. Stainless steel main applications in measuring and surgical instruments.
14⟩ Do you know how is steel classified?
According to carbon percentage
☛ Low carbon steel : Less than 0.25% carbon
☛ Medium carbon steel: 0.25%0.7% carbon
☛ High carbon steel: 0.7%1.5% carbon
According to percentage of alloying elements
☛ a. Low alloy steel: Alloying element less than 8%
☛ b. High alloy steel: Alloying element more than 8%
15⟩ Tell us what do you understand by Specific Gravity and Tenacity?
Specific Gravity . It is the ratio of the mass of 1cubic cm. of a substance to the mass of the same capacity of water.
Tenacity .It is the property of metal due to which a metal becomes strong enough to resist the pulling force.
16⟩ Tell me why is the most of cutting tools made out in H.S.S?
Because it resist the heat on the cutting edge of tool and it smoothly work in high speed.
17⟩ Tell me what is Heat treatment?
Heat treatment is an operation involving heating and cooling of metals to change its properties.
18⟩ Tell me why Is It Not Possible To Harden Unalloyed Tool Steel Part Right Through Its Full Thickness?
Because it requires very high cooling rate which is only possible for its outer surface.
19⟩ Tell us what Are The Common Heat Treatment Processes Used In Industries?
The following heat treatment processes are generally used in manufacturing :
☛ Hardening
☛ Tempering
☛ Annealing
☛ Normalising
☛ Case hardening
20⟩ Can you please explain the difference between differentiate Carbon Steel And Alloy Steel?
Carbon steel is the combination of iron and carbon. It is easily rusted and malleable. It can be easily machined and magnetic. Alloy steel is the combination of iron, carbon and other alloying elements. It is rust proof and harder and tougher. It is hard for machining and non magnetic.
